What this scorecard measures
We rated 12 major consumer electronics manufacturers on five dimensions of recycling and repair responsibility, weighted as follows in the composite score:
- Right to Repair (×2 weight) - documented service guides, parts availability for independent repair, official stance on Right to Repair legislation
- Take-back program quality - scope of devices accepted, fees, geographic coverage, ease of use for households
- Material recovery transparency - published targets, achieved metrics, third-party verification (B Corp, Cradle to Cradle, EPEAT Gold)
- Repair parts availability - official parts marketplace, repair training documentation, prices versus device value
- Right to Repair ethics (×1.5 weight) - litigation history, lobbying activity, public statements supporting or opposing repair legislation
Composite score is the weighted average, on a 0-10 scale.
Methodology
Source data:
- US PIRG Failing the Fix annual report (2024 + 2025 editions)
- iFixit Repairability Scores for current-generation flagship products
- EPEAT Registry (Bronze/Silver/Gold certifications)
- Manufacturer Sustainability Reports for fiscal years 2023-2024 (collection volumes, recovered material, recycled content)
- State legislative records for testimony and lobbying disclosures on Right-to-Repair bills (CA AB 1163, NY S4104, MN HF 1156, OR HB 3110)
- Federal Trade Commission Right-to-Repair report (2021) and FTC enforcement actions
- iFixit Pro Wire of Right to Repair legislative tracker
This scorecard reflects publicly verifiable facts as of 2026 and updates annually. Manufacturers may dispute individual ratings via hello@ecyclingcentral.com - we will publish corrections with sources.
The 2026 Ranking
| Rank | Manufacturer | Composite | Right to Repair | Take-back | Material Recovery | Parts | Ethics |
|---|
| 1 | Framework | 8.9/10 | 10/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 10/10 | 10/10 |
| 2 | Lenovo | 8.3/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 8/10 | 9/10 | 8/10 |
| 3 | HP | 7.6/10 | 7/10 | 9/10 | 8/10 | 8/10 | 7/10 |
| 4 | Dell | 7.6/10 | 7/10 | 9/10 | 8/10 | 8/10 | 7/10 |
| 5 | Microsoft | 7.1/10 | 7/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 |
| 6 | Google | 6.9/10 | 7/10 | 6/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 |
| 7 | Samsung | 6.4/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 7/10 | 8/10 | 5/10 |
| 8 | ASUS | 6.4/10 | 6/10 | 6/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 7/10 |
| 9 | Sony | 6.2/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 6/10 | 6/10 | 6/10 |
| 10 | Apple | 5.9/10 | 5/10 | 9/10 | 9/10 | 6/10 | 3/10 |
| 11 | LG | 5.7/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 | 7/10 | 5/10 | 6/10 |
| 12 | Sonos | 3.0/10 | 2/10 | 4/10 | 5/10 | 2/10 | 3/10 |
Detailed analysis
#1. Framework - 8.9/10
Modular by design, every component user-replaceable, official parts marketplace, transparent repair manuals. Industry gold standard.
Scores: Right to Repair 10/10 - Take-back 6/10 - Material Recovery 7/10 - Parts Availability 10/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 10/10
Browse Framework recycling info
#2. Lenovo - 8.3/10
Industry-best ThinkPad serviceability, free Asset Recovery Services for businesses, published service manuals, RBA member.
Scores: Right to Repair 8/10 - Take-back 9/10 - Material Recovery 8/10 - Parts Availability 9/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 8/10
Browse Lenovo recycling info
#3. HP - 7.6/10
Planet Partners free mail-back, EliteBook line is repairable, public sustainability targets met. Strong but quietly opposed some state RtR bills.
Scores: Right to Repair 7/10 - Take-back 9/10 - Material Recovery 8/10 - Parts Availability 8/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 7/10
Browse HP recycling info
#4. Dell - 7.6/10
Dell Reconnect (Goodwill partnership), free residential mail-back, published 2030 closed-loop targets.
Scores: Right to Repair 7/10 - Take-back 9/10 - Material Recovery 8/10 - Parts Availability 8/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 7/10
Browse Dell recycling info
#5. Microsoft - 7.1/10
Surface line dramatically improved post-2022 (replaceable SSDs, glued-battery removal documented). Stated public support for RtR.
Scores: Right to Repair 7/10 - Take-back 6/10 - Material Recovery 7/10 - Parts Availability 7/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 8/10
Browse Microsoft recycling info
#6. Google - 6.9/10
Pixel 8 onwards: 7 years OS updates + repair parts via iFixit. Trade-In program decent. Improving fast.
Scores: Right to Repair 7/10 - Take-back 6/10 - Material Recovery 6/10 - Parts Availability 7/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 8/10
Browse Google recycling info
#7. Samsung - 6.4/10
Self-Repair Program launched 2022, parts via Samsung Direct, but Galaxy hardware glued + serial-locked. Lobbied against US RtR bills 2022-23.
Scores: Right to Repair 6/10 - Take-back 7/10 - Material Recovery 7/10 - Parts Availability 8/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 5/10
Browse Samsung recycling info
#8. ASUS - 6.4/10
Mid-range repairability, ROG line difficult, ZenBook moderate. Some service manuals public.
Scores: Right to Repair 6/10 - Take-back 6/10 - Material Recovery 6/10 - Parts Availability 7/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 7/10
Browse ASUS recycling info
#9. Sony - 6.2/10
PlayStation 5 user-replaceable SSD is a positive. Cameras and TVs less so. Limited published recovery data.
Scores: Right to Repair 6/10 - Take-back 7/10 - Material Recovery 6/10 - Parts Availability 6/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 6/10
Browse Sony recycling info
#10. Apple - 5.9/10
Best-in-class material recovery (Daisy robot, 100% recycled aluminium), Self Service Repair launched 2022 - but parts are punishingly expensive, parts pairing limits third-party repair, and Apple has actively lobbied AGAINST every state Right-to-Repair bill since 2017.
Scores: Right to Repair 5/10 - Take-back 9/10 - Material Recovery 9/10 - Parts Availability 6/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 3/10
Browse Apple recycling info
#11. LG - 5.7/10
Smart appliance and TV serviceability moderate. Good appliance trade-in via partners.
Scores: Right to Repair 5/10 - Take-back 6/10 - Material Recovery 7/10 - Parts Availability 5/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 6/10
Browse LG recycling info
#12. Sonos - 3.0/10
Notorious "Recycle Mode" controversy (bricked working speakers in 2019). Sealed devices. Limited repair access.
Scores: Right to Repair 2/10 - Take-back 4/10 - Material Recovery 5/10 - Parts Availability 2/10 - Right-to-Repair Ethics 3/10
Browse Sonos recycling info
Key findings
- Framework is the only manufacturer scoring 10/10 on Right to Repair. Every component is user-replaceable, the company sells parts directly via an official marketplace, and the entire product line is designed around modularity. Other manufacturers should be measured against this benchmark.
- Apple presents the sharpest contradiction. Apple has objectively the best material-recovery infrastructure in the industry (the Daisy and Dave disassembly robots recover gold, tungsten, cobalt, and rare earths from iPhones at scale; Apple was first to hit 100% recycled aluminium for many product lines). At the same time, Apple has the worst lobbying record - actively opposing every US state Right-to-Repair bill from 2017 onward, deploying parts pairing to soft-brick non-Apple repairs, and pricing official parts to discourage independent repair. The two facts coexist.
- Lenovo's ThinkPad line is the consumer repairability leader for traditional laptops. Service manuals are publicly available, parts are sold via Lenovo Spare Parts, and the X1 Carbon and T-series are designed for serviceability. Framework only beats it on full modularity.
- Sonos is the cautionary tale. The 2019 "Recycle Mode" forced obsolescence scandal (which deliberately bricked older working speakers when traded in) remains the worst single manufacturer act this scorecard tracks.
- Samsung's Self-Repair Program is symbolic. While Samsung partnered with iFixit for parts in 2022, the underlying Galaxy hardware design (glued displays, serial-locked components) makes those parts hard to actually use. Samsung's lobbying record on US state RtR bills is also poor.
- Microsoft turned a corner in 2022. Surface devices used to score 0-3 on iFixit. Post-2022 redesigns made internal components accessible and Microsoft published official service guides.
What this means for consumers
Buying decisions made today have decades-long electronic waste consequences. A Framework laptop may cost more upfront than a comparable sealed-design competitor, but the realistic 8-12 year lifespan (versus 3-5 years for non-repairable devices) makes the cost-per-year and the e-waste footprint dramatically lower.
If repairability matters to you:
- Laptops: Framework, Lenovo ThinkPad, HP EliteBook business lines
- Smartphones: Pixel (8 series onwards), iPhone (14 series onwards for back-glass repair, but mind parts pairing)
- Tablets: Surface Pro (all generations 8+), Pixel Tablet
- Earbuds: Avoid - all major brands score 0-3. Wired earphones remain the only repair-friendly option
What this means for recyclers
Manufacturers scoring 8+ on parts availability are the easiest to refurbish because parts are obtainable. Manufacturers scoring under 5 typically end up shredded for material recovery rather than refurbished, which produces ~20% lower commercial value per unit.
Sources and further reading
Frequently asked questions
How often is this scorecard updated? Annually, with quarterly mid-year corrections. Major manufacturer policy changes (e.g. Microsoft's 2022 Surface design pivot) are reflected within 30 days.
Why isn't [manufacturer X] included? We rank the 12 manufacturers with the largest combined consumer electronics market share by 2024 unit sales. Smaller players (Acer, MSI, Razer, Polk Audio, Bose, Garmin) may be added in future editions if they enter the top 12 by market share.
Does Apple really have the best material recovery despite the worst Right to Repair record? Yes. The Daisy and Dave robots can disassemble 200 iPhones per hour and recover gold, silver, palladium, cobalt, and tungsten at refining-grade purity. Apple has also achieved 100% recycled aluminium across multiple product lines. These are objectively industry-leading achievements. They sit alongside Apple's documented multi-state lobbying against Right-to-Repair legislation. Both facts are true.
Can I cite this scorecard in academic work or journalism? Yes - cite as: eCycling Central (2026), Manufacturer Recycling Scorecard 2026. Methodology and data sources documented at https://ecyclingcentral.com/guides/manufacturer-recycling-scorecard-2026
What if a manufacturer disputes their rating? Email hello@ecyclingcentral.com with evidence - corrections published quarterly with sources cited.
